Sunday, April 24, 2016

Ryujin Sugi: Jomon Sugi's Alter Ego


Ryūjin Sugi, a one day hike to the tranquil realm of the Dragon God Tree.

This is the hike I often recommend to highly experienced hikers who are intrigued by the idea of "Jomon Sugi," but don't like the idea of sharing the trail with dozens or even hundreds of other hikers. In fact, I often think of Ryujin Sugi as Jomon Sugi's darker sibling, the one the parents lock in the bedroom when the college recruitment team comes to visit Jomon.

The destination of this hike, Ryujin Sugi (龍神, the Dragon God), is 11 meters around and estimated to be on the order of two thousand years old. Along with its two companions Fujin Sugi (風神, the Wind God), and Raijin Sugi (雷神, the Thunder God)—it and a cluster of enormous stumps it rises like a phoenix from the ashes above an area wrecked by logging and strewn with plots of young replanted forest. While a circumference of 11 meters is far short of Jomon's 16.4 meter girth, the impression of power is very different from the placidity of Jomon Sugi.

Much of the hike leads up the old stone path through evergreen deciduous forest. A thick canopy shades a dark, lush forest with a very open forest floor. However, the mature forest is broken up by plantation forests of young cryptomeria, and the contrast couldn't be more pronounced.

The details:
A sign at the gate. It's a beautiful
trail, and there are a few mileage
markers along the way, but don't
expect any English :)
The trail is on the northern side of Mt. Takatsuka, the mountain on which
Jomon Sugi is located. To get to the trail head, first head to the Comprehensive Nature Park, (総合自然公園, sougou shizen kouen. Park is a bit of a misnomer. It's mor like a nursery and gardens.) which is bike-riding distance from Miyanoura. There's a spacious field for parking by the river, or, if you're brave enough, you can drive 3.3km up the gravel road near the back of the parking lot. Then you'll arrive at a gate and you'll have to park the car next to the road. Continue another 1km by foot up the logging road to reach the official trail head. Altogether, from the gate to Ryujin Sugi and back is a 13 kilometer round trip with a map time of 8 to 9 hours.

Looking north from the logging road,
you can see the mountains visited
annually by pilgrims from the
towns of Shitoko, Isso, and Yoshida.
The route follows an old, moss-covered stone path for most of the way with a brief jaunt along abandoned train tracks. It's an easy trail to follow, but not recommended for folks with bad knees. You'll be hiking from an elevation of 200 meters to around 1260 meters. That's quite a bit more climb than the trail to Jomon Sugi.

Stream crossing!
As you can see on the map, there is also one big stream that you will cross twice on the way and again on the way back, so I can't recommend this trail in heavy rains.




There's no sign of giant trees until you near the end of the hike, but instead the trail weaves between beautifully matured broadleaf evergreen forest and young plantation forest. I've heard there may be plans to make the area more accessible, as it really is a beautiful forest even if you don't want to hike all the way to Ryujin, and evidence of logging communities brings the history to life.

 
The stone trail weaves between broadleaf evergreen forest and plantation forest.

Then, near the end, you suddenly find yourself in a very tranquil, old-growth forest. The peace and sanctity feel a world removed from the hubbub surrounding Jomon Sugi on the other side of Mt. Takatsuka. There are no fences, no counters, no observation cameras. Indeed, there's only a small wooden deck and a placard that says, simply, Ryujin Sugi.

From top left: Fujin Sugi, a stump, Raijin Sugi, another stump.

Once you get back to the parking lot at the Nature Park, there's a tiny public bath (heated spring water) called Yu no konoYu across the way. Because only several people can bathe at a time, it's a good idea to call in advance and make a reservation, but even if you don't have a reservation it's worth a try.

Destination Elevation: ~1260m
Trail Head Elevation: ~200m 

Length: 13 km rouondtrip (including 2.2 km walking up the logging road beyond the gate)
Map time: 6~9 hours round trip for experienced hikers. Because there are so few people on the trail, I do not recommend it for inexperienced hikers.
Getting to the Trail Head: If you don't have a car, take a taxi from the town of Miyanoura. If you're really fit and you give yourself a couple extra hours to walk up the gravel road, you go as far as the Comprehensive Nature Park by bicycle.
Toilets: There are no toilets. There are usually not many hikers on this trail, but I still suggest you bring a disposable toilet pack (available at many shops and information booths in Yakushima).




Saturday, December 5, 2015

929 Jetfoil: Airplane in the Sea

You can get to Yakushima by airplane. Or you can go by ferry. Or you can go by something in between: The Boeing/Kawasaki 929-115 JETFOIL, also known as the "Airplane in the Sea."

Also known as the High-speed ferry (高速船), Toppy (a local word meaning "flying-fish"), Cosmoline, and Rocket, you can buy your tickets on the Japanese website.

Let's not get this confused with a hovercraft. While both hydrofoils and hovercraft work on the concept that a boat can go faster if it can get it's haul out of the water, that's pretty much where the similarities end.

Boeing touts their passenger hydrofoil craft as "smooth," "fast," and "as quiet as a conventional auto ferry." Because it rides mostly above the water, it creates much less wake than conventional boats, and the way it "platforms" across the water gives a very stable ride without all the sea-sick rocking. I think it feels like riding in an airplane that never takes off.

When Boeing launched the $6 million (now a used one costs more like $8mil) 250-seat, 45-knot/50mph 929 craft in 1974, they called it the JETFOIL, the marriage of jet-engine propulsion and lift from wing-shaped foils. It's just like a jet airplane except that it works with jets of water and the foils are underwater.

This copy of a drawing printed in the April 1973 issue of Popular Science, after Boeing announced the JETFOIL project, shows the position of the hydrofoils. Although they live up to specs, they never became as popular in the states as the article's author envisioned*

When "hullborne," it can turn on a dime and even pull into port almost sideways! Once the 929 leaves the dock and starts to pick up speed, aft and forward "wings" are lowered below the craft. Then it "takes off" and becomes "foilborne." (I'm not sure that's a real word, but you'll see it if you ride the JETFOIL.) It uses an automated stabilization system and flaps to steer, and gives a very smooth ride as it platforms across waves up to 12ft/4m. (12ft is quoted from a Pop Sci article, but I've experienced it! It's true!) Quoting from Popular Mechanics:

To give an idea of the Jetfoil's tremendous power, her twin engines consume 450 to 500 gallons of jet fuel an hour. It takes as much fuel to do 20 knots on the hull as 40 knots on the foils--dramatic evidence of the efficiency and economy of hydrofoil travel. *
For more hydrofoil basics, check out Hydrofoil World.

My conception of a hydrofoil "platforming" across the waves.

I'd never heard of a JETFOIL before my first trip to Yakushima, and if you haven't either, that's not surprising: Only 45 have ever been built and most of these are in service in east Asia. Boeing got out of the business in the 1980s, and the most prolific builder is currently Kawasaki of motocycle and jetski fame. They have a cute webpage with routes and FAQ of 929s running in Japan. (I guess it wasn't worth paying the web-designer to bring the 929 page up to par with the Ninja Z.) You can see the whole line-up of Kawasaki-made 929s on this Chinese page, and if you look at the list of former operators on Wikipedia, you'll see that some of the current Yaku Tane fleet had a glamorous past: Rocket 2 was a royal Saudi yacht called the Prince AbdulAziz II, Rocket 1 was called the Emerald Wing, and Toppy 5 was commissioned by a Mediterranean operator and called Princess Teguise. Each Yaku Tane boarding pass stub features one of the boats, so you can save your ticket stubs and collect the whole fleet!

Of course, there are a lot of other hydrofoil craft. A plethora of pictures of
historic and modern hydrofoil crafts have been gathered in a post on Dark Roasted Blend. Apparently, passenger hydrofoils were quite popular in the Soviet Union where Rostislav E. Alexeyev developed the first commercially viable passenger craft (called the Raketa, or Rocket, just like some of the Yaku Tane boats). Then he took things a step farther and developed the notorious Ekranoplanssuper-sized planes that utilized the "ground-effect" to cruise just above the water.

An article from The Register points out that you can see an ekranoplan in Google Maps at 42.8817 47.657.




During their history of operation off of Kagoshima the 929s have only been involved in a couple incidents of hitting "obstacles" . The most recent occurred in 2012 when Toppy 1 was said to have hit a whale (. . . and no one has a picture of said whale? By the way, Toppy 1 got some new paint, was renamed the Seven Islands Tomo, and now runs between Tokyo and the Izu islands.) So enjoy the ride, but wear your seatbelt!



After all this online reading about hydrofoils, I'm left with one question: When can I get my Rinspeed Splash?

*Kocivar, Ben. Jumbo Jetfoil will be super-fast, super-smooth. Popular Science, April 1973, p. 76-78, 152.
*Kulkopf, Bjorn. Ocean Flight by Jetfoil. Popular Mechanics, April 1976, p. 75, 186.

Sunday, November 29, 2015

Filmy Ferns - Not everything in the Moss Forest is moss!


This Japanese cypress in Shiratani
sports a glowing crown of filmy ferns.
The spot called the "Moss Forest,"
wouldn't look so mossy without
its filmy ferns .
Leaves so thing the light shines
through are supported by
a network of viens.

Several species can
be found in Yakushima.
While hiking through Yakushima's old-growth forests, look up at the spreading branches of ancient trees, caked with layers of spongy green moss. But look again. Is moss the only thing up there?

From towering tree ferns reminiscent of a prehistoric jungle to large forked sprays fit for New Years decorations, ferns abound in Yakushima from the coasts to the mountains. However, when hiking through the dark and damp, lush and mossy forests, one of the most prolific, visible, and very beautiful families often goes overlooked:

The Filmy Ferns
(Hymenophyllaceae)

I suppose it really shouldn't be a surprise that this family is often clumped together with unrelated mosses by the casual hiker. Many filmy ferns have leaves that are roughly the same size and shape as a sprig of moss such as Plagiochila pulcherrima (ウツクシハネゴケ, literally "beautiful feather moss"). And filmy ferns have similar growing habits: They thrive in moist places. On humid days, the leaves fan out, and on dryer days, they shrivel up.

If you look up at the sky through the leaves of a filmy fern or moss, you can see sunlight seeping through. Beautiful. Both mosses and filmy ferns seem to glow in the sunlight, especially after a good rain. The body of these translucent leaves is (with few exceptions) only one layer of cells thick.  They lack a waxy epidermis and pores (stomata) that allow many so many plants to breathe without drying out.

There are about fifteen species of filmy ferns recognized in Yakushima. Of these, seven species belong to the genus Hymenophyllum. They are easily confused with each other, and I can't yet keep them straight, but let's not confuse them with mosses!

If you are not sure what is moss and what is a filmy fern, you are in good company, but if you consider the size of the leaves, it becomes immediately obvious: This simple vascular systems of mosses they can (usually) only support leaves on the scale of millimeters, or less. One leaf of the filmy fern Hymenophyllum barbatum (コウヤコケシノブ) is roughly the size of a whole specimen of P. pulcherrima, consisting of hundreds and hundreds of leaves.

Another difference is the stems. Again, because of lack of a vascular system, mosses don't tend to have long dangly stems between leaves, but the leaves of filmy ferns are connected by creeping, threadlike stems, and one plant can cover quite a large area.

 No matter how much area they cover and how dense they grow, both mosses and ferns readily dry out and shrivel when a dry spell comes through, but will perk up again with a little rain. Many people feel that the Moss Forest is most beautiful when the sun comes out right after a shower and shines through all those refreshed layers of green, but after a couple days of sun, the effect is lost.

Close up of part of a leaf. The body of the leaf
is one cell-layer thick.
The forest comes alive when the
filmy ferns catch the first rays
of morning light.
Like moss, filmy ferns rely on moist
conditions.

Wednesday, August 12, 2015

Nomado Cafe

The colorful, heavy plastic sandals sold here
are the footwear of choice of many locals. 

Nomado cafe hardly needs an introduction. Despite being located on the main road well outside of town, it is quite well-known around the island, and with good reason.

Opening the door reveals a friendly atmosphere. Photos from Southeast Asia and books on Yakushima, as well as various ceramics, glassware, hammocks, and plastic sandals to buy add to the light and colorful interior. Seating has the relaxed feeling of an eternal brunch-time.

The menu is limited, but not for want of variety. This isn't the typical cake&coffee cafe. Two different lunches -- a spicy minced chicken and a curry with a tropical flare -- for hungry guests, and for everyone else there are specialty-flavor gelatos and a drink menu with an extensive line-up of teas.



I happened to have already eaten lunch, so I opted for a sweet chai tea and honey-milk gelato made with local honey. Tasty way to brighten up any day!



Nomado Cafe
Location: 565 Hara (30.2434,130.5746) Just west of the Dobuchigawa (泥渕川) bus stop.
Hours: Saturday through Tuesday, 11:30am to 5pm. Lunch served until 2:30pm.*
Website: http://nomado-cafe.seesaa.net/

*Hours are subject to change, so please call the restaurant or check ahead.